MICROSOFT OFFICE 365 SECURITY

 

 

Microsoft Office 365 has undergone extensive auditing and aligns its security and compliance posture with widely recognized frameworks like NIST SP 800-53, resulting in 695 individual controls across 17 control domains. These controls demonstrate Microsoft’s robust approach to information security, risk management, and compliance for its cloud services.

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🔐 Summary of the 17 Control Domains in Office 365 Audited Controls

#	Control Domain	Purpose
1	Access Control (AC)	Enforcing least privilege, controlling logical access to resources.
2	Awareness and Training (AT)	Ensuring users are aware of security responsibilities.
3	Audit and Accountability (AU)	Logging, monitoring, and analyzing system activities.
4	Security Assessment (CA)	Regularly evaluating security controls.
5	Configuration Management (CM)	Managing secure settings and system configurations.
6	Contingency Planning (CP)	Disaster recovery and business continuity planning.
7	Identification and Authentication (IA)	Verifying user and system identities securely.
8	Incident Response (IR)	Detecting, reporting, and responding to security incidents.
9	Maintenance (MA)	Secure management and repair of systems.
10	Media Protection (MP)	Securing data at rest and during transport.
11	Physical and Environmental Protection (PE)	Protecting facilities and hardware.
12	Planning (PL)	Security and privacy planning processes.
13	Personnel Security (PS)	Managing risks related to employees and contractors.
14	Risk Assessment (RA)	Identifying, evaluating, and mitigating risks.
15	System and Services Acquisition (SA)	Secure design and acquisition of systems/services.
16	System and Communications Protection (SC)	Securing data transmission and internal communications.
17	System and Information Integrity (SI)	Ensuring system operations are accurate and resilient.

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📄 Access to Full List of Controls with Evidence

You can access the full breakdown of these 695 controls and their implementation evidence via:

1. Microsoft Service Trust Portal:
   🔗 https://servicetrust.microsoft.com
   → Sign in with your organization’s Microsoft 365 account
   → Go to “Compliance Reports” → Select "Office 365 Audited Controls – NIST 800-53"
2. Microsoft Compliance Manager in Microsoft Purview:
   → Navigate to compliance.microsoft.com
   → Use pre-built templates (e.g., NIST 800-53, ISO 27001)
   → Review control mappings, implementation status, and upload supporting evidence.

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📌 Sample Control Entry (from NIST 800-53 mapped in Office 365)

Control ID	AC-2 – Account Management
Objective	Ensure accounts are created, managed, and deactivated securely.
M365 Implementation	Azure AD with lifecycle policies, PIM, user activity logs.
Evidence	Audit logs from Azure AD, Conditional Access policy snapshots, PIM configuration screen.

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Access Control (AC) is one of the foundational control families in cybersecurity and compliance frameworks like NIST SP 800-53. In Microsoft 365, it includes a range of controls and tools designed to ensure that only authorized users can access specific systems, applications, and data — and that access is limited to what is necessary.

Here’s a detailed breakdown of Access Control (AC) in Microsoft 365, including example controls, tools used, and evidence you can collect for audits or compliance purposes:

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🔐 Access Control (AC) in Microsoft 365

Control ID	Control Title	Microsoft 365 Implementation	Example Evidence
AC-1	Access Control Policy	Access control rules defined in Azure AD	Documented policies, screenshots from Compliance Manager
AC-2	Account Management	Azure AD User Lifecycle, PIM (Privileged Identity Management)	List of accounts, PIM logs, user role assignment records
AC-3	Access Enforcement	Conditional Access Policies, Azure AD RBAC	Policy definitions, access logs, screenshot of role assignments
AC-4	Information Flow Enforcement	Data sharing policies, DLP and sensitivity labels	DLP policy configurations, test cases, audit logs
AC-5	Separation of Duties	Role-based access control in Azure AD, Intune and M365 roles	Role mappings, permissions reviews, administrative policy documents
AC-6	Least Privilege	Enforced via PIM, limited Admin roles	Admin role configurations, audit of least privilege assignments
AC-7	Unsuccessful Login Attempts	Azure AD Identity Protection, Risky Sign-In Alerts	Alert logs, blocked sign-in reports, login failure reports
AC-8	System Use Notification	Banner messages via Intune or M365 sign-in customization	Screenshots of customized login banners or Acceptable Use Policies (AUP)
AC-11	Session Lock	Configured through Intune device compliance policies	Group policy reports, Intune MDM logs
AC-12	Session Termination	Timeout and idle session controls in SharePoint, Teams, Exchange, Intune	Settings screenshots, session logs
AC-17	Remote Access	VPN, Microsoft Defender for Endpoint, Conditional Access policies	VPN configuration files, CA policy screenshots, audit logs
AC-18	Wireless Access	Managed via Intune for device enrollment and policies	Device compliance reports, MDM configuration screenshots
AC-19	Access Control for Mobile Devices	Managed with Intune, Conditional Access, and App Protection Policies	Mobile policy documents, device access logs, app protection policy screenshots
AC-20	Use of External Systems	Controlled via CA policies and DLP	External sharing policies, access logs, SharePoint/OneDrive guest access audit logs
AC-21	Information Sharing Restrictions	DLP, AIP (Azure Information Protection), sensitivity labels	Label configurations, sharing reports, DLP incident logs

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🛠️ Microsoft 365 Tools That Support Access Control

• Azure Active Directory (AAD)
• Microsoft Intune
• Microsoft Purview (formerly Compliance Center)
• Microsoft Defender for Office 365
• Privileged Identity Management (PIM)
• Microsoft Conditional Access

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Would you like this in Excel or Word format with exportable fields (control ID, objective, evidence, tools)?

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Here's a detailed explanation of the Awareness and Training (AT) control family, specifically how it's implemented and evidenced within Microsoft 365 under frameworks like NIST SP 800-53 or ISO 27001.

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🎓 Awareness and Training (AT) in Microsoft 365

The AT control family ensures users are aware of cybersecurity threats, policies, and their role in maintaining the security of systems and data. Microsoft 365 supports these controls through a mix of built-in tools, integrations, and policy settings.

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📋 Detailed AT Control Table

Control ID	Control Title	Microsoft 365 Implementation	Example Evidence
AT-1	Security Awareness and Training Policy	Organizations define training requirements and policies. M365 provides reporting/audit options.	Documented policy; Compliance Manager training reports; SharePoint-hosted policy doc
AT-2	Security Awareness Training	Integration with LMS (Learning Management System), Phishing simulation via Defender ATP	Training completion logs, LMS reports, screenshots of phishing simulation results
AT-3	Role-Based Security Training	Specialized training for admins via Microsoft Learn, Microsoft Security portal, or LMS	Certificates of completion, course enrollments, training records
AT-4	Security Training Records	Maintained in HRMS/LMS or Microsoft Viva Learning integrations	Exported reports from LMS, Viva Learning completion summaries

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🛠️ Tools Used in Microsoft 365 to Support AT Controls

Tool / Feature	Purpose
Microsoft Defender for Office 365 (Attack Simulation)	Run simulated phishing or social engineering campaigns
Microsoft Compliance Manager	Maintain evidence of policies and training activities
Microsoft Learn / Docs Training Paths	Provide technical training paths for different roles
Microsoft Viva Learning (optional)	Centralized access to learning content including compliance & security training
SharePoint Online / OneDrive	Host training materials, policies, videos
Microsoft Teams	Conduct live training sessions, webinars, or share awareness materials
Azure AD Sign-in Pages / Intune Banners	Display login warnings, Acceptable Use Notices

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📁 Evidence Examples for Audit/Compliance

• Security training attendance reports from LMS or Microsoft Viva Learning
• Screenshots of phishing test emails and simulation dashboards
• Uploaded signed policy acknowledgment documents in SharePoint
• Role-based learning certificates (e.g., Microsoft Learn or LinkedIn Learning)
• Audit logs showing policy communication activities in Teams or Outlook

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📌 Recommended Best Practices

• Conduct phishing simulations every 3–6 months using Microsoft Defender.
• Publish Acceptable Use Policies (AUP) and security videos via SharePoint or Teams.
• Assign mandatory training for different job roles via Viva Learning or third-party LMS.
• Track and audit completion via Microsoft Compliance Manager or HR systems.

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Here is a table format summarizing the Audit and Accountability (AU) controls in Microsoft 365:

Control ID	Control Name	Description	Microsoft 365 Implementation	Example Evidence
AU-1	Audit and Accountability Policy	Establishes the organization's audit and accountability policy.	Define logging and audit policies in Microsoft Purview and Azure AD.	Documented policy, Compliance Manager assessment reports
AU-2	Auditable Events	Identifies events that need to be logged for auditing purposes.	Configure Microsoft Purview Audit to track events across Exchange, Teams, etc.	Exported audit logs showing user login attempts, file accesses, admin actions
AU-3	Content of Audit Records	Specifies the information that must be included in audit logs (who, what, when, where).	Logs include user identity, timestamp, source, and action taken (e.g., file access).	Example audit log showing user ID, timestamp, action, source IP
AU-4	Audit Storage Capacity	Ensures sufficient storage for audit logs and records.	Logs stored for up to 1 year by default, 10 years with Advanced Audit (E5).	Storage retention settings, retention policy documentation
AU-5	Response to Audit Processing Failures	Ensures response to audit processing failures (e.g., log collection issues).	Alerts generated if audit log collection fails or logs are tampered with.	Alert logs showing audit processing failures, missed log entries
AU-6	Audit Review, Analysis, and Reporting	Defines procedures for reviewing, analyzing, and reporting audit logs.	Use Microsoft Sentinel for automated log analysis and alerting.	Screenshot of Sentinel alert dashboard, log review report
AU-7	Audit Reduction and Report Generation	Supports the generation of audit reports and log reduction based on filters (event type, timeframe).	Use Microsoft Purview to filter and generate audit logs based on specific criteria.	Filtered audit log showing specific actions or time frames, generated report
AU-8	Time Stamps	Ensures that audit logs are accurately time-stamped and synchronized with UTC.	Logs are time-stamped with UTC (Coordinated Universal Time).	Exported logs showing time stamps in UTC format
AU-9	Protection of Audit Information	Ensures that audit logs are protected from tampering or unauthorized access.	Logs are protected by RBAC and Microsoft Purview access policies.	Role-based access control reports, RBAC policy documentation
AU-11	Audit Record Retention	Specifies how long audit records are retained and when they can be deleted.	Microsoft Purview allows retention policies for audit logs, with longer retention for E5.	Screenshot of retention policy settings, log retention evidence
AU-12	Audit Generation	Defines requirements for the generation of audit logs, including system and application logging.	Microsoft Defender for Office 365 and Microsoft Sentinel automatically generate audit logs for security events.	Logs generated by Defender, system alerts in Sentinel

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This table summarizes key controls under Audit and Accountability (AU) and their implementation in Microsoft 365. Would you like this information in an Excel sheet or a PowerPoint presentation for further use?

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Here is a table summarizing the Security Assessment (CA) controls with their descriptions and how they can be implemented in Microsoft 365:

Control ID	Control Name	Description	Microsoft 365 Implementation	Example Evidence
CA-1	Security Assessment and Authorization Policy and Procedures	Establishes the organization's policy and procedures for conducting security assessments and authorizations.	Define assessment processes using Compliance Manager and Azure AD to monitor security controls.	Documented security assessment policy, Compliance Manager reports
CA-2	Security Assessments	Conducts regular security assessments to evaluate the effectiveness of security controls.	Use Microsoft Defender and Microsoft Sentinel for continuous monitoring and assessment of security risks.	Security assessment reports from Defender, findings from vulnerability scans
CA-3	System Interconnections	Ensures that interconnections between systems are secure and that their security posture is assessed.	Use Azure AD to secure integrations between systems, third-party apps, and cloud services. Conduct assessments using Sentinel.	Diagrams showing secure system interconnections, Sentinel security reports
CA-5	Plan of Action and Milestones (POA&M)	Develops a plan of action to address weaknesses found during assessments and define milestones for remediation.	Use Compliance Manager to track POA&M, ensuring identified security gaps are addressed with deadlines.	POA&M document in Compliance Manager, progress reports on remediation actions
CA-6	Security Assessments and Continuous Monitoring	Ensures that security assessments are ongoing and continuous monitoring is conducted.	Use Microsoft Defender, Sentinel, and Azure Security Center for continuous monitoring and security assessments.	Continuous monitoring dashboards, real-time alerts from Defender and Sentinel
CA-7	Independent Security Assessments	Ensures that independent third-party security assessments are conducted periodically.	Third-party penetration testing, external security audits, and risk assessments.	External security assessment reports, audit results from independent testers
CA-8	Security Testing and Evaluation	Conducts security testing to evaluate the effectiveness and resilience of security controls.	Use Microsoft Defender for Identity, Azure AD, and Sentinel for security testing such as vulnerability scans, penetration tests, and attack simulations.	Penetration testing reports, security evaluation results from Defender
CA-9	Test Results and Documentation	Maintains documentation of security test results, including vulnerability scans, penetration tests, and audits.	Store test results in Microsoft Purview and use Compliance Manager for documenting security test findings.	Test reports and findings documented in Purview, Compliance Manager audit logs
CA-10	Security Authorization and Continuous Monitoring	Ensures that authorization decisions are based on comprehensive security risk assessments and continuous monitoring.	Use Microsoft Sentinel and Compliance Manager to assess security risk and monitor the authorization processes.	Authorization documentation, continuous monitoring reports from Sentinel

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This table summarizes key controls under Security Assessment (CA) with their respective descriptions, implementation in Microsoft 365, and example evidence.

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Here is a table summarizing the Configuration Management (CM) controls with their descriptions and how they can be implemented in Microsoft 365:

Control ID	Control Name	Description	Microsoft 365 Implementation	Example Evidence
CM-1	Configuration Management Policy and Procedures	Establishes the organization's policy and procedures for managing configurations of IT systems and software.	Use Microsoft Compliance Manager to define configuration management policies for Microsoft 365 services.	Documented configuration management policy, Compliance Manager reports
CM-2	Baseline Configuration	Establishes a baseline configuration for IT systems to ensure they are secure and meet organizational requirements.	Define baseline configurations using Microsoft Endpoint Manager (Intune) for device management and Azure AD for identity and access.	Baseline configuration settings, Endpoint Manager configuration documentation
CM-3	Configuration Change Control	Ensures that changes to configuration settings are controlled and documented.	Use Azure DevOps for managing configuration changes to cloud resources, Endpoint Manager for devices.	Change request logs, approval workflows, change logs from Azure DevOps
CM-4	Security Configuration	Ensures that security configurations are implemented and maintained for all systems.	Use Microsoft Defender to enforce security configurations and compliance settings across Microsoft 365 services.	Security configuration reports, Defender compliance reports
CM-5	Configuration Monitoring	Monitors the configuration of IT systems to detect unauthorized or unintended changes.	Implement monitoring with Microsoft Sentinel to detect configuration drift and unauthorized changes across Microsoft 365 environments.	Alert logs from Sentinel, configuration change detection results
CM-6	Automated Configuration Management	Automates the configuration management process to ensure consistency and efficiency.	Leverage Microsoft Endpoint Manager (Intune) for automated device configuration, and Azure Automation for managing cloud resource configurations.	Automation scripts in Azure Automation, configuration logs in Intune
CM-7	Configuration Review and Audit	Regularly reviews and audits configurations to ensure compliance and security.	Conduct periodic reviews using Compliance Manager and Microsoft Defender to audit configurations for compliance with security policies.	Audit logs from Compliance Manager, review findings from Defender
CM-8	Configuration Deviation Management	Identifies and manages deviations from the established configuration baseline.	Use Microsoft Sentinel to track and manage configuration deviations in Microsoft 365 services.	Deviation reports, corrective action logs from Sentinel
CM-9	Configuration Documentation	Maintains comprehensive documentation of configuration settings and changes for accountability.	Document configuration settings and changes in Microsoft Purview for audit and compliance purposes.	Configuration documentation in Purview, change history logs

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This table provides an overview of the Configuration Management (CM) controls, how they can be implemented in Microsoft 365, and the types of evidence that can be generated for each control.

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Here is a table summarizing the Contingency Planning (CP) controls with their descriptions and how they can be implemented in Microsoft 365:

Control ID	Control Name	Description	Microsoft 365 Implementation	Example Evidence
CP-1	Contingency Planning Policy and Procedures	Establishes the organization's policies and procedures for contingency planning.	Use Microsoft Compliance Manager to define contingency planning policies and procedures.	Documented contingency planning policies, Compliance Manager assessment reports
CP-2	Contingency Plan	Develops and maintains a contingency plan for ensuring the availability and recovery of IT systems.	Use Azure Backup and Microsoft 365 Backup for developing and managing data recovery plans.	Contingency plan document, Azure Backup configuration for data recovery
CP-3	Contingency Plan Testing	Ensures that contingency plans are tested regularly to validate their effectiveness.	Schedule and automate disaster recovery drills using Azure Automation and Microsoft Defender.	Test logs, disaster recovery drill results, Azure Automation scripts
CP-4	Contingency Plan Maintenance	Ensures that the contingency plan is updated regularly to reflect changes in the IT environment.	Use Compliance Manager to track changes in infrastructure and ensure contingency plans are updated accordingly.	Updated contingency plan documents, change tracking in Compliance Manager
CP-5	Alternate Processing Site	Identifies and ensures the availability of alternate sites for IT systems and operations in case of disaster.	Utilize Azure Site Recovery for creating and maintaining alternate processing sites in the cloud.	Azure Site Recovery configuration reports, alternate site availability documentation
CP-6	Backup and Restoration	Ensures that data is regularly backed up and can be restored in case of system failure or disaster.	Use OneDrive for Business, SharePoint, and Azure Backup for data backup and restoration processes.	Backup logs from Azure Backup, OneDrive and SharePoint restore tests
CP-7	Recovery Time Objectives (RTO) and Recovery Point Objectives (RPO)	Defines RTO and RPO to ensure that recovery efforts are aligned with business continuity needs.	Set RTO and RPO for critical systems within Microsoft 365, such as email and document storage.	Documented RTO/RPO definitions, performance metrics during recovery tests
CP-8	Incident Response	Ensures that the organization has an effective response plan for incidents that affect system availability.	Use Microsoft Sentinel for security incident management and monitoring during contingency events.	Incident response logs from Sentinel, incident response playbooks
CP-9	Contingency Plan Testing and Training	Ensures that staff are trained on contingency procedures and that testing occurs at regular intervals.	Use Microsoft Teams and Planner to schedule training sessions and communicate contingency procedures.	Training attendance records, contingency training session reports
CP-10	Contingency Plan Implementation	Ensures that contingency plans are effectively implemented during a disaster or major incident.	Use Azure Site Recovery and Microsoft 365 Backup to implement disaster recovery processes.	Recovery logs from Azure Site Recovery, restoration verification tests

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This table provides an overview of Contingency Planning (CP) controls, their descriptions, how they can be implemented within Microsoft 365, and the types of evidence that demonstrate compliance with each control.

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Here is a table summarizing the Identification and Authentication (IA) controls with their descriptions and how they can be implemented in Microsoft 365:

Control ID	Control Name	Description	Microsoft 365 Implementation	Example Evidence
IA-1	Identification and Authentication Policy and Procedures	Establishes the policies and procedures for identifying and authenticating users to systems and services.	Define and document policies in Azure AD for user authentication methods and access controls.	Documented policies and procedures in Azure AD portal.
IA-2	User Identification and Authentication	Ensures that users are uniquely identified and authenticated before they can access information systems.	Implement Azure AD for unique user identification and enable Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA).	User login logs, MFA activation logs in Azure AD.
IA-3	Device Identification and Authentication	Ensures that devices are properly authenticated before they can access systems.	Use Microsoft Intune to manage device authentication, ensuring that only compliant devices can access resources.	Device enrollment logs in Intune, device compliance status in Azure AD.
IA-4	Information System Use Notification	Ensures that users are notified when they are using systems and that usage is monitored for security purposes.	Display information system use notifications through Azure AD Conditional Access policies or login banners.	Screenshots of user notifications or banners in Azure AD.
IA-5	Authenticator Management	Manages the lifecycle of authenticators such as passwords, tokens, and biometrics used for authentication.	Use Azure AD for managing password policies, token-based authentication, and biometric settings (Windows Hello).	Password policy configurations in Azure AD, MFA configuration in Azure AD.
IA-6	Access Control for Remote Access	Ensures that remote users are authenticated before accessing information systems.	Configure Azure AD Conditional Access to enforce secure remote access policies based on location, device compliance, etc.	Logs of remote access policies in Azure AD Conditional Access.
IA-7	Multifactor Authentication (MFA)	Requires users to authenticate using two or more factors (e.g., something they know, something they have).	Implement Azure MFA to require multiple factors for login, protecting sensitive systems and data.	Azure MFA logs, successful and failed MFA attempts in Azure AD.
IA-8	Account Lockout	Locks accounts after a specified number of failed authentication attempts to prevent brute-force attacks.	Use Azure AD to configure lockout policies after a set number of failed login attempts.	Account lockout logs in Azure AD.
IA-9	User Account Management	Ensures proper management of user accounts, including account creation, modification, and termination.	Manage user accounts through Azure AD, including lifecycle management for creation, modification, and deletion.	Logs of user account creation, updates, and deletions in Azure AD.
IA-10	Authentication Session Management	Ensures proper management of authentication sessions, including session expiration and re-authentication.	Use Azure AD session policies to enforce session timeouts and conditions for re-authentication.	Session management logs in Azure AD, session expiration configurations.

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This table provides an overview of Identification and Authentication (IA) controls, how they can be implemented in Microsoft 365, and includes example evidence for each control.

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Here is a detailed table summarizing the Incident Response (IR) controls with their descriptions, how they can be implemented in Microsoft 365, and example evidence:

Control ID	Control Name	Description	Microsoft 365 Implementation	Example Evidence
IR-1	Incident Response Policy and Procedures	Establishes organizational policies and procedures for responding to information security incidents.	Define and store policies in Microsoft Purview or Compliance Manager.	Documented IR policies, review logs in Compliance Manager.
IR-2	Incident Response Training	Provides training to staff on how to detect and respond to security incidents.	Conduct training via Microsoft Teams, track participation using Microsoft Forms/Planner.	Training logs, attendance reports, training materials in Teams/SharePoint.
IR-3	Incident Response Testing	Tests incident response capabilities to ensure effectiveness and team readiness.	Simulate incidents using Microsoft Defender and evaluate response readiness.	Incident drill logs, test case results, Defender incident reports.
IR-4	Incident Handling	Ensures effective incident response through detection, containment, eradication, and recovery.	Use Microsoft Defender XDR and Sentinel for real-time incident detection and automated response.	Incident timelines, remediation actions, Defender/Sentinel incident logs.
IR-5	Incident Monitoring	Monitors systems and networks for signs of incidents.	Monitor using Microsoft Sentinel and Defender for Endpoint, Defender for Cloud Apps.	Alert logs, dashboards showing incident trends, SIEM data in Sentinel.
IR-6	Incident Reporting	Enables timely and consistent reporting of security incidents.	Create automated workflows in Microsoft Power Automate for alert-based reporting to security teams.	Notification logs, email alerts, Power Automate flow records.
IR-7	Incident Response Assistance	Provides users and IT teams with guidance and tools to respond to incidents.	Centralize guidance documents in SharePoint; use Microsoft Teams for real-time collaboration.	Guidance documents, Teams chat logs, usage metrics.
IR-8	Incident Response Plan Update	Ensures that the incident response plan is regularly updated based on lessons learned.	Track updates through Compliance Manager and version control with SharePoint or Purview.	Change logs, plan version history, post-incident review summaries.
IR-9	Post-Incident Analysis	Conducts a root cause analysis and captures lessons learned after an incident.	Document RCA and lessons learned in Microsoft Forms or Planner, store in SharePoint.	Post-incident reports, meeting minutes, remediation task assignments.
IR-10	Coordination with External Parties	Coordinates incident handling with external stakeholders such as regulators and vendors.	Use Microsoft Teams for communication, store compliance responses in Purview or Compliance Center.	Communication logs, regulator response documentation, vendor notification records.

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This table aligns with NIST SP 800-53 IR controls and shows how to operationalize them in Microsoft 365 environments with practical evidence.

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Here is a detailed table for Maintenance (MA) controls in the context of cybersecurity and how they can be implemented in Microsoft 365, along with example evidence:

Control ID	Control Name	Description	Microsoft 365 Implementation	Example Evidence
MA-1	System Maintenance Policy and Procedures	Establishes policies and procedures for performing maintenance on information systems.	Define and store maintenance policies in Microsoft Purview or Compliance Manager.	Policy documents, version history in Purview, audit logs in Compliance Center.
MA-2	Controlled Maintenance	Ensures maintenance is scheduled, approved, and performed by authorized personnel only.	Use Microsoft Intune and Azure AD roles to assign and monitor authorized maintenance activities.	Maintenance logs, user access control records, change approval documentation.
MA-3	Maintenance Tools	Controls the use of tools used for system maintenance to ensure they are authorized and secure.	Maintain tool inventories using Microsoft Defender for Endpoint; block unauthorized tools via Intune.	Tool usage logs, Intune policy configurations, blocked applications list.
MA-4	Nonlocal Maintenance	Applies controls for remote (nonlocal) maintenance activities.	Secure remote access using Microsoft Entra ID Conditional Access, MFA, and Privileged Identity Management (PIM).	Remote access logs, Conditional Access policy logs, PIM usage reports.
MA-5	Maintenance Personnel	Ensures only authorized personnel perform maintenance on critical systems.	Role-based access control via Azure AD, track access via Defender for Identity.	Role assignment reports, access logs, training records of maintenance staff.
MA-6	Timely Maintenance	Ensures timely performance of necessary maintenance activities to reduce security risks.	Schedule system updates and patching via Windows Update for Business or Intune.	Patch management reports, update deployment logs.
MA-7	Maintenance Record-Keeping	Requires organizations to keep records of maintenance performed.	Track and store logs using Microsoft Log Analytics and Sentinel.	Archived logs, ticketing system entries, SharePoint maintenance records.

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These controls align with the NIST SP 800-53 MA family and show how to integrate them effectively into your Microsoft 365 environment with audit-ready evidence.

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Here is a comprehensive table for Media Protection (MP) controls, including descriptions, Microsoft 365 implementations, and example evidence:

Control ID	Control Name	Description	Microsoft 365 Implementation	Example Evidence
MP-1	Media Protection Policy and Procedures	Establishes organizational policy and procedures for managing and protecting media.	Define policies in Microsoft Purview or Compliance Manager; use SharePoint for distribution.	Policy document versions, user acknowledgment records, training materials.
MP-2	Media Access	Restricts access to media to authorized individuals only.	Use Sensitivity Labels and Information Protection in Microsoft Purview to limit access.	Access logs, label audit reports, conditional access policies in Azure AD.
MP-3	Media Marking	Marks media with appropriate sensitivity classifications.	Implement Microsoft Sensitivity Labels (Confidential, Highly Confidential, etc.) via Purview.	Label configuration settings, audit trails, emails/documents with visible labels.
MP-4	Media Storage	Physically or digitally protects media when stored.	Store sensitive data in OneDrive for Business, SharePoint, with encryption at rest enabled.	Encryption policy documentation, BitLocker or Azure Storage encryption evidence.
MP-5	Media Transport	Protects media during physical or electronic transport.	Use Microsoft Purview Message Encryption (OME) and TLS for email/file transport security.	Email encryption headers, OME settings screenshots, transfer logs.
MP-6	Media Sanitization	Ensures that media is sanitized before disposal or reuse.	Use Microsoft Data Lifecycle Management and Information Governance for retention and deletion.	Retention policy settings, audit logs showing file deletion or auto-expiry.
MP-7	Media Use Restrictions	Limits use of portable media (e.g., USB drives) and external sharing.	Enforce policies using Microsoft Defender for Endpoint, Intune, and Microsoft DLP policies.	Device control logs, blocked USB logs, external sharing policy configuration reports.
MP-8	Media Downgrading	Ensures approval and procedures are in place when reclassifying sensitive data to a lower classification.	Configure Microsoft Sensitivity Label Policies to require justification for label downgrades.	Justification logs from Purview, policy settings screenshots.

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These controls align with NIST SP 800-53 Media Protection (MP) family and demonstrate how Microsoft 365 tools can enforce and audit these controls effectively.

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Here is a detailed table for Physical and Environmental Protection (PE) controls, including descriptions, how they relate to Microsoft 365 (especially in cloud/SaaS environments), and example evidence where applicable:

Control ID	Control Name	Description	Microsoft 365 / Cloud Relevance	Example Evidence
PE-1	Physical and Environmental Protection Policy and Procedures	Establishes the baseline policies and procedures for physical security.	Microsoft follows strict data center physical security practices, described in Microsoft Trust Center.	Documentation of policies, Microsoft compliance reports (SOC 1, SOC 2, ISO 27001).
PE-2	Physical Access Authorizations	Grants and manages physical access to sensitive areas.	Azure data centers use biometric scans, badges, and security guards.	SOC 2 Type II audit report, physical access logs (Microsoft internal).
PE-3	Physical Access Control	Enforces physical access restrictions to authorized personnel.	Data centers have multi-layered access controls including biometric verification and surveillance.	Audit reports, Microsoft Azure documentation on data center access controls.
PE-4	Access Control for Transmission Medium	Protects cabling and transmission lines from unauthorized physical access.	Microsoft secures transmission lines and physical media within its data centers.	Certification reports (ISO 27001), internal diagrams and physical security SOPs.
PE-5	Access Control Monitoring	Monitors physical access using CCTV and intrusion detection systems.	Azure facilities are continuously monitored by security personnel and video surveillance.	CCTV usage statements, monitoring policy in compliance documentation.
PE-6	Visitor Control	Controls and monitors visitor access to physical facilities.	Visitors are logged, escorted, and have temporary access only in Microsoft data centers.	Visitor log records (internal), SOC audit references.
PE-8	Emergency Power	Provides backup power to maintain availability during outages.	Microsoft data centers use diesel generators and battery UPS systems.	Infrastructure descriptions in Microsoft whitepapers and compliance documentation.
PE-9	Emergency Lighting	Provides lighting in emergency situations for safe evacuation and response.	Built into Azure’s facility design for continuity and safety.	Azure facility safety documents, building safety standards certifications.
PE-10	Fire Protection	Protects physical environments from fire damage.	Advanced fire suppression systems are in place at Azure data centers.	Environmental safety audit documents, ISO 22301 certification.
PE-11	Temperature and Humidity Controls	Maintains environmental conditions to protect IT hardware.	HVAC systems continuously monitor and control temperature/humidity in Azure data centers.	Data center operation documentation, Microsoft Cloud infrastructure whitepapers.
PE-12	Water Damage Protection	Prevents water leaks or flooding in critical areas.	Leak detection systems and elevated floors are used in Microsoft facilities.	Facility maintenance policies, Microsoft data center engineering overview.
PE-13	Delivery and Removal	Controls the delivery and removal of IT equipment and media.	Microsoft tracks all equipment delivered and removed from secure zones.	Inventory control logs, supply chain audit logs (internal).
PE-14	Alternate Work Site	Provides protection for alternate sites (e.g., disaster recovery sites).	Microsoft ensures DR/BCP through geo-redundant regions in Azure and Office 365.	BCP/DR plans, Microsoft geo-redundancy documentation.

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Note: As Microsoft 365 is a cloud-based SaaS platform, physical controls are mostly managed by Microsoft in their global data centers. Customers can review these controls via the Microsoft Trust Center and request detailed audit reports under NDA.

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Here is a detailed table for the Planning (PL) control family from NIST 800-53, including descriptions, relevance to Microsoft 365, and example evidence:

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Planning (PL) – Control Family in Table Format

Control ID	Control Name	Description	Microsoft 365 / Cloud Relevance	Example Evidence
PL-1	Security Planning Policy and Procedures	Requires development, documentation, and dissemination of security planning policies and procedures.	Documented via Microsoft's internal policies and compliance with ISO 27001/27017 in Microsoft 365.	Policy documents in Microsoft Purview, ISO audit reports, compliance portal evidence.
PL-2	System Security Plan	Describes the security requirements for the system and the controls in place.	Covered in Microsoft's System Security Plan (SSP) for its cloud offerings.	Shared under NDA with customers, included in FedRAMP/Azure Security Documentation.
PL-2(1)	System Security Plan: Plan Updates	Requires periodic review and update of the system security plan.	Microsoft updates its SSP regularly in line with FedRAMP and compliance obligations.	Change logs, SSP version history.
PL-2(2)	System Security Plan: Content	Requires inclusion of specific content such as system environment, security roles, controls.	Microsoft's SSP contains detailed control mappings and security boundaries.	FedRAMP SSP content outline, system architecture diagrams.
PL-4	Rules of Behavior	Defines rules for users on acceptable use of systems and data.	Enforced using Microsoft 365 Acceptable Use Policies and Intune compliance policies.	Policy acknowledgment logs, user onboarding documentation, DLP policy logs.
PL-5	Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA)	Requires an assessment of privacy risks when systems collect/store PII.	Microsoft conducts PIAs for all services involving customer data in compliance with GDPR.	PIA documentation (internal), Microsoft privacy compliance statements.
PL-6	Security-Related Activity Planning	Requires planning for security activities including assessments, testing, and contingency.	Microsoft maintains planning processes for security assessments via Compliance Manager.	Test plans, change management workflows, audit logs.
PL-7	Security Concept of Operations (CONOPS)	Describes the system’s purpose, operations, and security architecture.	Included in Microsoft Azure architecture and documentation.	Azure CONOPS-like documentation and security architecture diagrams.
PL-8	Information Security Architecture	Establishes a security architecture that is integrated with the enterprise architecture.	Microsoft follows Zero Trust architecture across Microsoft 365 and Azure cloud services.	Microsoft Security Architecture documentation, Zero Trust implementation reports.

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Summary

The Planning (PL) controls ensure a well-defined, structured approach to information security by requiring documentation, role clarity, and strategic foresight. Microsoft 365 supports these controls through its robust compliance framework, Zero Trust model, and system documentation available via the Microsoft Trust Center.

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Here is a detailed table for the Personnel Security (PS) control family from NIST 800-53, showing how these controls relate to Microsoft 365 (as a cloud service provider) and what example evidence may apply:

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Personnel Security (PS) – Control Family

Control ID	Control Name	Description	Microsoft 365 / Cloud Relevance	Example Evidence
PS-1	Personnel Security Policy and Procedures	Establishes policies and procedures to ensure appropriate personnel security practices.	Microsoft maintains detailed HR and security policies in line with ISO/IEC 27001, SOC 2, etc.	HR policies, internal policy manuals, ISO 27001/27018 audit reports.
PS-2	Position Risk Designation	Assigns risk levels to organizational roles based on their responsibilities.	Microsoft classifies roles by sensitivity and applies background checks accordingly.	Job descriptions with risk designations, access control documentation.
PS-3	Personnel Screening	Requires background checks or vetting before granting access to systems.	All Microsoft employees undergo background checks per jurisdictional requirements.	Screening logs, onboarding checklist (internal), SOC 2 or ISO control summaries.
PS-4	Personnel Termination	Ensures that access is revoked promptly when personnel leave or change roles.	Microsoft uses automated de-provisioning, access review, and identity governance systems.	Azure AD deactivation logs, role change logs, Microsoft Entra ID access review.
PS-5	Personnel Transfer	Ensures role changes are tracked and access is adjusted accordingly.	RBAC policies and Just-in-Time (JIT) access in Microsoft Entra PIM for internal personnel.	Access change logs, Azure PIM activation history, audit trail in Compliance Center.
PS-6	Access Agreements	Requires personnel to sign agreements outlining security responsibilities.	Microsoft employees agree to NDA and Acceptable Use policies before gaining access to systems.	Signed policy acknowledgments, onboarding documents.
PS-7	Third-Party Personnel Security	Ensures third-party contractors/vendors comply with the same standards.	Vendors and contractors are assessed via Microsoft's Supplier Security and Privacy Assurance.	Third-party agreements, supplier audit records, NDA templates.
PS-8	Personnel Sanctions	Defines sanctions for violating security policies.	Microsoft enforces disciplinary procedures and ethics policies for security violations.	HR disciplinary policy documents, incident response logs, ethics training records.

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Key Notes

• Since Microsoft 365 is a cloud service, Personnel Security (PS) controls are primarily the responsibility of Microsoft (as the provider) and are audited under SOC 2 Type II, ISO 27001, and FedRAMP certifications.

• For customers of Microsoft 365, equivalent PS controls apply internally to their admins, support personnel, and third-party integrations.

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Here is a detailed table for the Risk Assessment (RA) control family (based on NIST SP 800-53), including descriptions, relevance to Microsoft 365, and examples of evidence.

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Risk Assessment (RA) – Control Family

Control ID	Control Name	Description	Microsoft 365 / Cloud Relevance	Example Evidence
RA-1	Risk Assessment Policy and Procedures	Requires organizations to develop and implement policies and procedures for conducting risk assessments.	Microsoft documents policies for risk management in line with ISO 27005, FedRAMP, and SOC 2.	Risk management policies, ISO 27001 certification, Microsoft Trust Center documents.
RA-2	Security Categorization	Categorize information systems and data based on impact levels.	Microsoft categorizes data and services under its data classification scheme and compliance framework.	Classification levels (Confidential, Highly Confidential), label configuration in Purview.
RA-3	Risk Assessment	Conduct periodic assessments to identify risks to organizational operations, assets, and individuals.	Microsoft performs internal and third-party risk assessments on its infrastructure and services.	Risk register, security risk assessment reports, audit logs, compliance center reports.
RA-3(1)	Update Risk Assessment	Risk assessments must be updated when significant changes occur or periodically.	Microsoft updates assessments based on new features, vulnerabilities, or compliance needs.	Risk register updates, change logs, policy review schedules.
RA-5	Vulnerability Monitoring and Scanning	Identify, monitor, and scan for system vulnerabilities.	Microsoft uses automated vulnerability scanning across its infrastructure and issues patches accordingly.	Patch management logs, CVE reports, Microsoft Security Update Guide, Defender reports.
RA-5(1)	Update Tool Capabilities	Ensure vulnerability scanning tools are regularly updated.	Microsoft Defender and Microsoft Security Center tools are automatically updated.	Defender version history, tool patch documentation.
RA-5(2)	Remediate Identified Vulnerabilities	Mitigate discovered vulnerabilities in a timely manner.	Microsoft uses secure development lifecycle (SDL) and a defined remediation process.	Vulnerability ticket logs, remediation timelines, risk exception handling reports.
RA-5(3)	Automated Trend Analysis	Perform automated analysis to identify trends in vulnerability data.	Microsoft Defender and Microsoft Sentinel provide dashboards and analytics.	Sentinel dashboards, trend analysis reports, alerts and action logs.

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Summary:

The RA (Risk Assessment) control family ensures a continuous process of evaluating threats and vulnerabilities, aligning with regulatory and business requirements. Microsoft 365 facilitates this via:

• Compliance Manager
• Microsoft Defender
• Microsoft Purview
• Microsoft Sentinel

These tools offer automated assessments, security scoring, and mitigation planning.

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Here is a detailed table for the System and Services Acquisition (SA) control family from NIST SP 800-53, tailored to include relevance to Microsoft 365 and examples of evidence where applicable:

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System and Services Acquisition (SA) – Control Family

Control ID	Control Name	Description	Microsoft 365 / Cloud Relevance	Example Evidence
SA-1	System and Services Acquisition Policy and Procedures	Establishes policies and procedures for acquiring and maintaining IT systems and services.	Microsoft documents and enforces acquisition processes through secure SDLC and third-party vetting.	Policy documents, ISO 27001 certification, SDL (Security Development Lifecycle) evidence.
SA-2	Allocation of Resources	Ensures that adequate resources are allocated to protect organizational systems.	Microsoft allocates significant budget and personnel to security and compliance across cloud services.	Azure security investment documentation, audit reports, financial investment overviews.
SA-3	System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)	Requires security considerations to be integrated throughout the system development process.	Microsoft uses a secure development lifecycle (SDL) process for all cloud offerings including 365.	SDL documentation, DevSecOps pipeline diagrams, secure coding policies.
SA-4	Acquisition Process	Requires that acquisitions include security and privacy requirements.	Microsoft includes contractual security clauses for vendors and third-party developers.	Procurement policy, third-party risk management policy, contract templates.
SA-5	System Documentation	Ensures complete and up-to-date system documentation.	Microsoft provides extensive technical and security documentation for 365 and Azure services.	Product documentation, compliance datasheets, architectural diagrams.
SA-8	Security and Privacy Engineering Principles	Applies standard security and privacy principles during system design and implementation.	Microsoft incorporates Zero Trust and Privacy-by-Design principles.	Design documentation, Zero Trust whitepapers, privacy architecture diagrams.
SA-9	External System Services	Assesses and manages risk from external service providers.	Microsoft uses the Supplier Security and Privacy Assurance (SSPA) program for third-party oversight.	SSPA compliance records, vendor security assessments, SLA documents.
SA-9(1)	Risk Assessments for External Providers	Periodic reassessment of third-party service risks.	Microsoft regularly reassesses risks from critical vendors.	Third-party audit results, reassessment logs, risk register.
SA-10	Developer Configuration Management	Requires secure configuration and version control for systems and codebases.	Microsoft uses configuration baselines, Git repositories, and access control mechanisms.	Azure DevOps logs, Git version control logs, secure coding policies.
SA-11	Developer Testing and Evaluation	Requires testing of systems prior to deployment.	Microsoft conducts unit testing, static/dynamic code analysis, and penetration testing.	QA reports, testing evidence, bug tracking tickets, secure code review logs.
SA-12	Supply Chain Protection	Identifies and mitigates risks from the IT supply chain.	Microsoft follows secure hardware sourcing and firmware validation for Azure data centers.	Supply chain assurance documents, hardware validation policies.
SA-15	Development Process, Standards, and Tools	Requires defined processes and tools for secure system development.	Microsoft uses industry-standard tools for secure development across Microsoft 365 cloud stack.	Toolchain documentation, DevSecOps flow diagrams, SDL training records.
SA-22	Unsupported System Components	Identifies and removes or updates unsupported software and hardware.	Microsoft ensures all systems are patched, and legacy services are deprecated securely.	Patch management logs, lifecycle support documentation, Windows/Office update records.

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Key Takeaways:

• Microsoft 365 leverages robust acquisition and development controls backed by formal certifications like FedRAMP, ISO 27001, and SOC 2 Type II.
• The Secure Development Lifecycle (SDL) is a core part of Microsoft’s assurance program, ensuring that all new features/services go through rigorous security review.

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Here is a detailed table for the System and Communications Protection (SC) control family from NIST SP 800-53, tailored to include relevance to Microsoft 365 and typical evidence examples:

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System and Communications Protection (SC) – Control Family

Control ID	Control Name	Description	Microsoft 365 / Cloud Relevance	Example Evidence
SC-1	Policy and Procedures	Develops and disseminates security policy and procedures for system and communications protection.	Microsoft has internal policies and procedures documented under ISO and FedRAMP frameworks.	ISO 27001 policies, compliance documents, audit logs.
SC-7	Boundary Protection	Monitors and controls communications at external boundaries.	Microsoft 365 uses Azure firewalls, proxies, and perimeter controls (e.g., Zero Trust architecture).	Network diagrams, firewall configuration, Secure Score logs.
SC-7(12)	TLS Encryption	Uses cryptographic methods like TLS to protect communications.	Microsoft 365 encrypts data in transit using TLS 1.2+.	TLS configuration proof, SSL certificate management in Microsoft Defender.
SC-8	Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity	Protects data in transit from unauthorized disclosure and modification.	Enforced through TLS and IPsec encryption across Microsoft cloud infrastructure.	Packet inspection logs, configuration of email encryption (M365), IPsec policy docs.
SC-12	Cryptographic Key Establishment and Management	Securely manages cryptographic keys.	Microsoft uses Azure Key Vault and customer-managed keys (CMK) options.	Key lifecycle documents, audit logs, CMK configuration screenshots.
SC-13	Cryptographic Protection	Implements cryptographic methods to protect sensitive data.	BitLocker, Azure Storage encryption, Microsoft Purview Information Protection.	Encryption algorithm specs, Purview sensitivity label setup, BitLocker settings.
SC-15	Collaborative Computing Devices	Controls use of devices like webcams, microphones, etc.	Microsoft 365 allows policy control over Teams, webcams, and device access via Intune.	Intune compliance policy, Teams device settings, usage logs.
SC-18	Mobile Code	Controls execution of mobile code (e.g., JavaScript, Flash).	Microsoft Edge, Defender for Endpoint policies restrict unsafe mobile code execution.	Endpoint configuration logs, Defender policy settings.
SC-28	Protection of Information at Rest	Ensures sensitive information is protected while stored.	Microsoft 365 data is encrypted at rest using BitLocker, Azure Storage encryption, etc.	Audit logs, data encryption policies, SharePoint/OneDrive settings.
SC-28(1)	Encryption for Information at Rest	Requires encryption for sensitive stored data.	Enabled by default in Microsoft 365/Azure; customer-controlled keys supported.	CMK/Azure Key Vault logs, M365 compliance center configuration.
SC-39	Process Isolation	Ensures system processes operate in isolation to avoid interference.	Microsoft uses Hyper-V, containers, and virtualization-based security in Azure.	Hyper-V config, VM process isolation documents, Azure container security reports.
SC-43	Usage Restrictions for External Systems	Limits use of external systems for processing/storing sensitive data.	Microsoft enforces conditional access, compliance boundaries, and third-party connector reviews.	Conditional Access policies, third-party risk reports, DLP enforcement logs.
SC-44	Detonation Chamber / Sandboxing	Analyzes suspicious content in isolated environments.	Microsoft Defender for Office 365 uses Safe Attachments and Safe Links for sandboxing.	Security Center reports, Threat Explorer logs, ATP configuration settings.

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Summary:

The System and Communications Protection (SC) family ensures confidentiality, integrity, and secure communication. Microsoft 365 provides robust support for these controls using:

• Microsoft Defender for Office 365
• Microsoft Purview
• Azure Key Vault
• TLS/IPsec
• BitLocker & Disk Encryption

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Here is a detailed table for the System and Information Integrity (SI) control family based on NIST SP 800-53, customized to include relevance to Microsoft 365 and supporting evidence examples.

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System and Information Integrity (SI) – Control Family

Control ID	Control Name	Description	Microsoft 365 / Cloud Relevance	Example Evidence
SI-1	Policy and Procedures	Establishes policies and procedures to ensure the integrity of systems and information.	Microsoft maintains policies aligned with ISO 27001 and NIST frameworks.	Policy documentation, compliance reports, internal security guidelines.
SI-2	Flaw Remediation	Identifies, reports, and corrects flaws in systems and software.	Microsoft issues regular patches and updates through Windows Update and Office 365 auto-updates.	Patch logs, CVE tracking, monthly patching schedules, Windows Update settings.
SI-3	Malicious Code Protection	Detects and prevents malicious code (e.g., malware, ransomware).	Microsoft Defender for Endpoint and Office 365 provides real-time protection and automated response.	Defender dashboards, malware detection reports, threat intelligence logs.
SI-4	System Monitoring	Monitors systems to detect attacks and unauthorized activity.	Microsoft 365 uses Sentinel, Defender, and Audit Logs for monitoring.	SIEM integration, alert logs, Sentinel incident reports.
SI-4(5)	Unauthorized Use Monitoring	Detects and alerts on unauthorized system usage.	Microsoft Defender detects suspicious user behavior and insider threats.	Activity alerts, audit logs, Insider Risk Management policies in Purview.
SI-5	Security Alerts, Advisories, and Directives	Receives and responds to security alerts and advisories.	Microsoft provides Threat Intelligence feeds and integrates with MSRC (Microsoft Security Response Center).	Threat Explorer reports, MSRC notices, Microsoft 365 Message Center updates.
SI-6	Security Function Verification	Ensures security functions operate correctly and securely.	Defender and Microsoft Secure Score provide continuous validation of protection settings.	Secure Score report, Defender health checks, endpoint policy audit.
SI-7	Software, Firmware, and Information Integrity	Verifies integrity of software and firmware using trusted checks.	Microsoft uses Secure Boot, code signing, and integrity validation in the supply chain.	Secure Boot logs, SHA hashes for updates, firmware validation reports.
SI-7(1)	Integrity Checks	Periodically verifies file and configuration integrity.	Microsoft Defender Application Control and Intune monitor for unauthorized changes.	Intune compliance policies, file integrity check logs.
SI-8	Spam Protection	Detects and filters unsolicited and malicious email.	Microsoft Defender for Office 365 includes spam filtering, spoof detection, and phishing defense.	Exchange Online Protection (EOP) logs, spam filtering reports, Defender settings.
SI-10	Information Input Validation	Validates input to prevent injection and other attacks.	Microsoft employs input validation in its services and APIs to prevent attacks (e.g., XSS, SQLi).	Developer SDL evidence, application testing logs, threat modeling documents.
SI-11	Error Handling	Manages error messages securely to avoid information leakage.	Microsoft uses secure coding practices to prevent error-based attacks and logs sensitive errors internally.	Application logs, redacted error messages, secure error management practices.

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Summary:

The System and Information Integrity (SI) control family helps ensure that Microsoft 365 systems are continuously protected, monitored, and updated against threats and software flaws. Microsoft supports these controls via:

• Microsoft Defender (Endpoint & Office 365)
• Microsoft Sentinel
• Microsoft Purview / Compliance Center
• Microsoft Security Response Center (MSRC)

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